=====================================
Introduzione a django
=====================================
Introduzione allo sviluppo per Django. Il work flow di una applicazione web MVC: Modello, Controller, View.

  :Author: eaman
  :Copyright: GFDL
  :Version: 0.1

Questi appunti sono ad uso privato.

.. sectnum::

.. contents:: Indice degli argomenti
.. |date| date::

Generato il |date| con: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html

Create project
=======================


::

    mkdir project_name
    django-admin startproject name .
    python manage.py startapp 
    ./mange.py createsuperuser

    mkdir templates static



Settings
----------

top environ::

    import os
    # Enviroment stuff
    from environs import Env
    env = Env()
    env.read_env()


    #DEBUG = True
    DEBUG = env.bool("DEBUG", default=False)

    # Secret_key: gen with python -c 'import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe())'
    # and put in .env
    SECRET_KEY = env.str("SECRET_KEY")



settings.py regionals::
______________________________

::

    TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Rome'

    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'it'
    


Register app::

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
        'my_app_name',
        ]
        

settings.py::

    import os
    ...

    TEMPLATES = [
        {
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            'DIRS': [

                os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),
          ...      
        },



Static files::
___________________

settings.py::

    STATIC_URL = 'static/'
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
    STATIC_ROOT = STATIC_ROOT = str(BASE_DIR.joinpath('staticfiles')) # new
    STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'


Launch::

    ./manage.py collectstatic


virtual host::

    Alias /robots.txt /path/to/mysite.com/static/robots.txt
    Alias /favicon.ico /path/to/mysite.com/static/favicon.ico

    Alias /media/ /path/to/mysite.com/media/
    Alias /static/ /path/to/mysite.com/static/

    <Directory /path/to/mysite.com/static>
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    <Directory /path/to/mysite.com/media>
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    WSGIScriptAlias / /path/to/mysite.com/mysite/wsgi.py

    <Directory /path/to/mysite.com/mysite>
    <Files wsgi.py>
        Require all granted
    </Files>
    </Directory>


Change apps templates
=======================


Files are located in::

    env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/app_template/

    env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/project_template/


Add / change modify content there


Crispyform
==============


settings.py::

    INSTALLED_APPS = [

        'crispy_forms',
        "crispy_bootstrap5",

        ]
    ...
    # End

    CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap5'





Auth
=======

settings.py::

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...

    'users',
    ]

    #########
    # Auth stuff
    AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.CustomUser"
    LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'home'
    LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = 'home'


Model
----------

Inside users app:

models.py::

    from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
    from django.db import models


    class CustomUser(AbstractUser):
        age = models.PositiveIntegerField(null=True, blank=True)


forms.py::

    # users/forms.py
    from django import forms
    from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm
    from .models import CustomUser

    class CustomUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):

        class Meta(UserCreationForm.Meta):
            model = CustomUser
            # This is bad, better to just list the field like in the next
            fields = UserCreationForm.Meta.fields + ('age', 'email')


    class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):

        class Meta:
            model = CustomUser
            fields = ('username', 'email', 'age',)


admin.py::

    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
    from .forms import CustomUserCreationForm, CustomUserChangeForm

    from .models import CustomUser

    class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
        add_form = CustomUserCreationForm
        form = CustomUserChangeForm
        model = CustomUser
        list_display = ['age', 'username', 'email', 'is_staff', ]

        add_fieldsets = UserAdmin.add_fieldsets + ( # new
            (None, {'fields': ('age',)}),
        )



    admin.site.register(CustomUser, CustomUserAdmin)



Templates
-------------

There are a lot of templates to make! Just check the main example repo.


Models
========

* Modello base
* Relazione 1-M
* slug


Views
=========

urls.py::

    from django.urls import path
    from . import views
    from news.views import *

    from news.models import *

    urlpatterns = [
        path('', views.index, name='index'),
        path('publishers/', PublisherListView.as_view()),
        path('publishers/<int:pk>/', PublisherDetailView.as_view()),
    ]



Views
----------------------

::

    from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
    from news.models import Publisher


    # Create your views here.
    class PublisherListView(ListView):
        model = Publisher


    class PublisherDetailView(DetailView):
        model = Publisher


Detail View
---------------



Static website
==================


Generate a static version:: 

    wget -k -K  -E -r -l 10 -p -N -F --restrict-file-names=windows -nH http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    

Deployment
=================

* https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
* ./manage.py check --deploy



Gunicorn
------------

Se si ha un progetto ''sito'' che contiene ''sito_config'' con dentro ''wsgi.py''::

    gunicorn newspaper_project.wsgi

    
    gunicorn newspaper_project.wsgi -b 0.0.0.0:8082
    gunicorn newspaper_project.wsgi -b 0.0.0.0:8082 --daemon


Whitenoise
--------------

* http://whitenoise.evans.io/en/latest/


settings.py::

    MIDDLEWARE = [
        # ...
        "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
        "whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware",
        # ...
    ]

Per servire solo l'Admin non serve fare la parte ''static''::

    mkdir static
    ./manage.py collectstatic


Lighthttpd proxy
----------------------

/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf ::

    #######
    # Gunicorn django proxy
    $HTTP["host"] == "home.chrome" {
      proxy.balance = "hash"
      proxy.server = ( "" => ( (
            "host" => "127.0.0.1",
            "port" => 8081
        ) ) )
    }


script::

    gunicorn newspaper_project.wsgi -b 0.0.0.0:8081 --daemon


I ''settings'' sono sopra.